NEWSLETTER Q2

NORDIC'S FIRST: eSAF PILOT PRODUCTION UNIT

Aviation accounts for 2-3% of global emissions, and European airlines are under increasing pressure to decarbonize by tightening regulations. However, scalable and sustainable solutions in action have been unseen – until now.

At Liquid Sun, we’re developing next-generation electrolyzers and production processes that turn renewable electricity and biogenic CO₂ into sustainable aviation fuel (eSAF). Our ongoing eSAF production pilot project is a big step toward making clean Nordic skies a reality. With our pilot, we will produce the first batch of eSAF in the Nordics in an industrially relevant environment. This will take place from September to December in Espoo, Finland, and we will invite you to experience it for yourself.

For airlines and the entire eSAF value chain, this pilot is a key stepping stone toward global leadership in sustainable aviation. It marks a significant move toward achieving climate-neutral flight, proving that climate-neutral flight is not just a vision.

Contact us to talk about the Liquid Sun eSAF pilot and reserve a spot to experience it on-site in the coming autumn: Arthur Romanet, arthur@liquidsun.fi

NEW LTE ELECTROLYZER DESIGN — MODULAR STACK FOR eSAF SCALE UP

Current CO₂ valorization technologies for producing eSAF feedstocks are largely still in the development phase. The primary challenge in delivering cost-competitive eSAF lies in creating a scalable, plugand- play electrolyzer solution that integrates seamlessly with existing industrial infrastructure.

Liquid Sun has pioneered a next generation stack design that facilitates the cost-effective mass production of electrolyzers. Coupled with our proprietary catalyst technology, these electrolyzers not only achieve high energy efficiency but are optimized for material cost savings — a crucial step towards scalable and affordable eSAF production.

Whether you are an airline, fuel producer, or industrial CO₂ emitter, Liquid Sun’s technology empowers you to transform sustainability ambitions into commercial success.

STUDY REVEALS COST AND SCALABILITY INSIGHTS FOR COMPETING eSAF TECHNOLOGIES

A recent third-party study conducted by VTT, Finland’s Technical Research Centre, for TEA (Techno-Economic Analysis) provides valuable insights into this topic, helping us sharpen our technology development and support our partners in making informed decisions.

The study evaluated and compared three different technologies for producing sustainable jet fuel via Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis, giving Liquid Sun and its partners a deeper understanding of the key factors shaping the cost of e-jet fuel — from electricity price sensitivity to CO₂ sourcing and integration efficiency.

The study confirms that while all pathways for eSAF production have potential, Liquid Sun’s low-temperature CO₂ electrolysis (LTE)

technology is particularly well-positioned to play a key role in the

growing eSAF value chain. Its operational simplicity, material efficiency, and strong compatibility with renewable energy make it an attractive solution for scalable and flexible integration. With these advantages, Liquid Sun's LTE technology is a strong contender to drive the shift toward sustainable aviation fuels.

Let’s Talk Techno-Economics and e-jet fuel tech development.

Contact Pasi Keinonen, CEO, pasi@liquidsun.fi

MEMBERSHIP OF H2 SPRINGBOARD - ACCELERATING THE PATH FROM eSAF DEMO TO MARKET

The first symposium of H2 Springboard took place on the 8th of April. This initiative brings together key technology players across the H2 ecosystem in Finland to work toward shared goals. Collaboration is essential for overcoming typical commercialization hurdles — from early-stage investment risks and regulatory clarity to securing longterm off-take agreements.

For Liquid Sun, the H2 Springboard initiative is a catalyst, helping us fast-track the transition from pilot validation to full-scale commercialization. It acts as an industrial accelerator where high potential technologies like ours gain the momentum needed to become investment-ready and market deployable faster. It provides both visibility and access to strategic partners across the value chain at the heart of the energy transition.

In the opening event, Liquid Sun and Finnair co-presented their views on eSAF development from both supply and demand points of view. This is what the future of eSAF looks like when representatives from the technology and end-user co-operate early on.

We hope you found this newsletter informative and insightful. If you would like to jump on a call to discuss any of these topics in greater detail, please let us know.